The Hollow Men Essay -- essays research papers

The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†      â€Å"The Hollow Men,† a sonnet composed by T.S. Eliot shows the storytellers sicken and his fickle disposition toward all humanity. He alludes to humankind as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece loaded up with straw,† (4) which makes the inclination and subject of vacancy. Eliot likewise utilizes references, images, and redundancy as ground-breaking, and discouraging lovely gadgets to cause humankind to appear to be empty.      The subject of void is plainly noticeable all through the sonnet, and it starts in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† alludes to humankind being unfilled, and that there is no significance to their life, and no reason for the empty men to go on. IN the primary area of the sonnet, the subsequent refrain states â€Å"Shape without structure, conceal without shading, Paralyzed power, motion without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot assembles solid thoughts so that they appear to counterbalance one another, leaving an unfilled inclination . In area three, Eliot utilized â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to portray the setting, and â€Å"In passings other realm/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the peruser in a vacant perspective with no environmental factors. At the point when somebody yells into a vacant, or wide territory, it will consistently resound and rehash itself until it discreetly ceases to exist. This case of void is communicated i n the absolute last verse of the sonnet, â€Å"This is the manner in which the world finishes This is the manner in which the world closures This is the way the world closures Not with a b... The Hollow Men Essay - expositions research papers The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†      â€Å"The Hollow Men,† a sonnet composed by T.S. Eliot shows the storytellers disturb and his fickle disposition toward all humankind. He alludes to humankind as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece loaded up with straw,† (4) which makes the inclination and topic of void. Eliot additionally utilizes implications, images, and reiteration as incredible, and discouraging wonderful gadgets to cause humanity to appear to be empty.      The subject of void is obviously noticeable all through the sonnet, and it starts in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† alludes to humankind being vacant, and that there is no significance to their life, and no reason for the empty men to go on. IN the main area of the sonnet, the subsequent refrain states â€Å"Shape without structure, conceal without shading, Paralyzed power, motion without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot assembles solid thoughts so that they appear to counteract one another, leaving an unfilled inclination . In segment three, Eliot utilized â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to depict the setting, and â€Å"In passings other realm/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the peruser in a vacant perspective with no environmental factors. At the point when somebody yells into an unfilled, or wide region, it will consistently resound and rehash itself until it unobtrusively ceases to exist. This case of void is communicated in the absolute last verse of the sonnet, â€Å"This is the manner in which the world closures This is the manner in which the world finishes This is the way the world closures Not with a b...

Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Essay

The normal worldwide temperature has ascended about 0.50C in the only remaining century, and researchers anticipate that another expansion of 1 should 40C in the following 100 years because of expanding contamination in our environment. Nursery Effect: * Greenhouse gases permit the entry of approaching sunlight based short-frequency radiation yet ingest a portion of the reflected infrared radiation and reradiate it back to the Earth’s surface. * Energy is then reradiated in the lower air causing an expansion in temperature and climatic change. Consequently, adding to a dangerous atmospheric devation. http://www.wwnorton.com/school/science/gilbert2/substance/ch09/studyplan.asp Ozone depleting substances: 1. Water (H2O) 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 3. Methane (CH4) 4. Nitrous oxide (N2O) 5. CFCs 6. Ozone (O3) Ozone depleting substance Sources: Ozone depleting substance Human Sources Common Sources Water 1.Combustion of hydrocarbons 1.Evaporation of seas and lakes Carbon dioxide Consuming of- 1.Fossil energizes 2. Timberland fires 3. Wood 4. Squander. 1.Respiration. 2.Decay of natural issue. 3.Natural backwoods fires Methane 1.Cattle cultivating 2.Rice paddies 3.Petroleum 4.Natural gas creation Rot of natural issue 1.Swamps 2.Marshes Nitrous oxide 1.Use of nitrogen based manures. 2.Combustion of biomass. 1.Bacterial Action CFCs 1.Refrigerants 2.Propellants Ozone 1.Secondary poison in photochemical smog’s Ozone depleting substance Effects: Ozone depleting substance impacts rely upon both their focus (plenitude) in the climate and on their capacity to retain heat radiation. Be that as it may, every atom has its own sort of bond, they each assimilate at marginally various frequencies and frequencies. Gas Warmth catching viability contrasted and CO2 By and large commitment to expanded an Earth-wide temperature boost. Water 0.1 >1% Carbon dioxide 1 half Methane 30 18% Nitrous oxide 150 6% CFCs 2000 12% Ozone 10,000 †25,000 14% 1. Water= has the most over all commitment to a worldwide temperature alteration as it has a high fixation. 2. Carbon dioxide= is the most significant green house gas as contributes half to a worldwide temperature alteration and has second biggest fixation. 3. CFCs= are a large number of times better at retaining heat/infrared radiation than CO2 †BUT they have a lower focus; thus, their impact is restricted to 14%. Nursery impact is controlled by: * Concentration of synthetic * Lifespan of synthetic. * Ability to retain infrared radiation * Intensity of retention * Number of frequencies retained relies upon the particles bonds. ‘Atmospheric Window Region’ = is the locale inside the range through which radiation can get away. Model: Methane and CFCs have a more noteworthy nursery factor than CO2 and H2O since they retain in the ‘atmospheric window region’. CFC fills this window. Methane is 30x increasingly successful in its green house impact as it has 4 C-H bonds, which implies it can ingest more at a specific recurrence. Impact of Gases on Global Warming: 1. Increment in temperature by about 0.5 degree. 2. Increment in precipitation 3. Ascend in ocean levels-liquefying of icy masses/ice tops/warm development of water 4. Changes in crop yields 5. Progressively extreme dry spells 6. More floods and tempests 7. Changes in circulation of pathogens and bugs (for example jungle fever). Impact of Particulates on Temperature: 1. Particulates= volcanic residue. 2. It dissipates and reflects approaching daylight (UV and noticeable) so less sun oriented radiation can enter the air. 3. It brings down barometrical temperature as gives buildup cores around which water particles gather to frame mists decreasing sun oriented warming. 4. Volcanic emissions and woodland fires-expands number of particulates.

New Student Photo Entry #26 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #26 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first two photos today come from incoming MIA student Jessica Garrels. Mai Lafiya in the Dakoro region of   Niger In my first year as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Nigerand before I could really talk to anyoneI decided to stay busy by trying to farm.   Unfortunately, when harvest time came, I realized I was not a very good subsistence farmer (millet, peanuts, hibiscus petals and leaves, beans). MyHarvest Mai Lafiya in the Dakoro region of Niger. _______________________________________________ The next three photos were submitted by Clarissa Baldin, an incoming MIA student. Where the photo was taken: Gravataí, metropolitan region of Porto Alegre capital of the province of Rio Grande do SUl, Brazil. Although this is not a great shot, it ´s something I ´d like to share with you because I was very touched. These people are part of a NGO called Corpo Voluntário de Resgate e Socorro. They work from Friday evening until Monday morning every weekend, when they remain in alert state 24h, in groups of at least 6 people per shift, helping on emergencies in the region, rescuing and providing emergency care for mainly car crash victims in the area of Gravataí. They are trained and skilled, theirs services are free of cost and not only the community but also the police and/or ambulances call them when unable to rescue the victims. Constantly struggling for resources to keep theirs work ongoing, they have already assisted over a thousand victims. Where the photo was taken: São Miguel das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This picture was taken on 26 December 2008, at the archeological site of São Miguel, during my roadtrip from south Brazil to Chile. The ruins are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Brazil. This is one os the remains of Jesuit missions built by the Guaranis and Jesuits during the 17th and 18th centuries. Where the photo was taken: Andes, Chile. This picture was taken on 31st December 2008, also during my roadtrip. After 5h queuing to cross the border between Argentina and Chile, we were surprised by this marvellous landscape hidden by the mountains.

Biological, Socio Emotional, And Cognitive Status

There were different theorists that believed that with every behavior comes a reason behind it. These Theories include: Biological, Socio-emotional, and cognitive status. The subject was observed on Saturday 3rd, 2015 at 4 in the afternoon. Genaro Tijerino was born on January 14th, 2012, and he s an American Hispanic three year old boy. He was born in Miami, Florida, his mother is an ESC Teacher and his father works for an import/export company. The subject has a close relationship with both parents, the family practices catholicism and as a ritual they attend church every Sunday. Both parents communicate with the child in both Spanish and English however he communicates mostly in Spanish. According to the parents, he does not attend a day care or school, he stays at his grandparents’ home and is taken care of by the mother’s aunt. He gets dropped off as early as 7:00a.m. and gets picked up by 6:00p.m. The mother had created a schedule where the child had a routine thro ughout the day, but the only source of communication the child had was with the mother s aunt. His mother also mentioned that he does not have any sort of separation anxiety from either parents as they drop him off. The subject is potty- trained and knows how to follow directions. The mother has also stated that she has had complications with her delivery, but the subject was born in a healthy condition and there were no developmental delays observed. Genaro is a social child that is able to verballyShow MoreRelatedEmotional Design : Why We Love Or Hate Everyday Things1723 Words   |  7 PagesEmotions are part of every day life and are critical to how we make decisions. 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The Second Amendment and Gun Control

Harley Davidson †Organizational Behavior Free Essays

string(87) " see how problems developed and how they could fix them during the production process\." Harley History Harley Davidson was seen in America as a company that produced motorcycles with â€Å"raw power. † The company was founded by Arthur and Walter Davidson and William Harley in 1903. In 1918, Harley Davidson had become the largest motorcycle producing company in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Harley Davidson – Organizational Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their production totaled 28,000 motorcycles. Production continued to increase with the onset of World War II and the military use of Harley’s motorcycles. The mystique of the product had a tough sense to it with famous actors such as James Dean and Marlin Brando sporting the bikes. After World War II, foreign competitors became interested in the motorcycle market. Japanese competitors entered the market in 1959; Harley Davidson executives did nothing to counter the advance of the competition. Harley Davidson’s share of the industry began dropping while Japanese competitors introduced high quality products. The confidence in Harley’s reputation was causing the firm’s market share to decline steadily. AMF Years Harley Davidson lacked resources to finance new products and designs to expand their production. They were taken over by AMF, a heavy-industrial conglomerate. At this time there was high demand for motorcycles in the U. S. The AMF team thought that they would be able to sell anything they produced, even without taking quality into consideration. After the take over, production was increased drastically at the cost of the quality of the product. AMF began spending large amounts of money on Harley’s manufacturing plants. Production increased from 15,475 units in 1969 to 70,000 units in 1973 due to these new expenditures on capital. To make things worse for Harley, the Japanese firm Honda introduced the â€Å"Goldwing. This was the first introduction of a foreign â€Å"heavy weight† motorcycle that would directly compete with Harley’s market share. With Harley Davidson’s share of the heavyweight market beginning to decrease, the quality of their products also decreased because they were becoming outdated compared to the new advanced Japanese products. Vaughn Beals was brought into the picture by Harley executives to lead the firm. Vaughn Beals Saves the Day Vaughn Beals’ ideals were different than those of AMF its top management. It became clear that AMF did not have the same amount of concern for Harley’s success as Beals, so AMF began looking for a buyer. With Harley Davidson’s profitability down, Beals and some other Harley Davidson managers orchestrated a highly leveraged buyout. This large amount of debt for the buyout forced Harley Davidson’s managers to adopt a new strategy: survival. Vaughn Beals realized that his firm needed to change to become a more competitive force within the motorcycle industry. Change Many things at Harley Davidson were going wrong. The motorcycles were being made at a low level of quality and the focus was too much driven by quantity rather than quality. The organization was formed around the traditional top thinks and everybody acts. It was very apparent that if nothing changed, Harley Davidson’s reputation would be forever tarnished due to low quality products. Forces for Change: Competition (chapter 19) Competition for business is changing. Competitors can come from across the ocean or from across town. For Vaughn Beals, his main force for change was the Japanese competition that was continuing to decrease Harley Davidson’s share of the market. He realized that something had to be done. While visiting the Honda plant, he learned many things that the Japanese did better than Harley Davidson. The differences between Harley Davidson and Honda were striking. For example, only 5 percent of Honda’s motorcycles failed to pass final quality inspection; over 50 percent of Harley’s failed during the same test† (Buller Schuler 2006). Job Design Instead of allowing manufacturers to keep producing the products at a high pace, with little attention to quality, Beals and his top management w anted to change the way the elements in an employees job was organized. Harley Davidson initiated this new job design through the productivity triad. The Productivity Triad After the visit, Beals and his team realized the only way to compete with the very effective management of the Japanese was to improve the quality of their product and the production process that was necessary to produce it. The productivity triad was based on Japanese methods of manufacturing and production. â€Å"This new approach involved (a) employee involvement, (b) use of JIT inventory practices, and (c) statistical operator control (SOC). Organizational Structure (chapter 16) To improve the quality of Harley Davidson’s motorcycles, a complete change of the organizations structure was necessary. Job tasks would be divided, grouped, and coordinated much differently under the productivity triad. To change the structure, Beals and his management introduced many new aspects to the employee’s average day at work. Employee Involvement (chapter 7) Harley Davidson executives realized that using the input of employees would increase their commitment to the much-needed new success of Harley Davidson. They â€Å"reasoned that full participation of employees at all levels was the key to successful improvement of both the product quality and the production process† (Buller Schuler 2006). Job Characteristics Model Harley Davidson uses 3 out of 5 of the characteristics in the model developed by J. Richard Hackman. This model proposes that any job can be described in terms of these core dimensions. Autonomy (chapter 7) Since the line workers were more knowledgeable about what techniques would work and not work in the production process, they were encouraged to make decisions about the production process. This provided a substantial amount of freedom in determining the procedures to be carried out for producing the product. Skill Variety (chapter 7) Instead of just relying on the line workers to construct the product, Beals and his team wanted to make sure that the motorcycles were going to be of a much higher quality than in the past. To avoid catastrophes, such as oil leaking onto a showroom floor, â€Å"top management reasoned that training and empowering employees to measure quality and recommend change was essential for improvement† (Buller Schuler 2006). Using the Statistical Operator Control method, employees could now see how problems developed and how they could fix them during the production process. You read "Harley Davidson – Organizational Behavior" in category "Papers" Task Identity (chapter 7) The same employees that were measuring the products for quality issues were also manufacturing the product. This would allow the employee to really become part of his/her product. It would also allow for a more efficient method of production. Creating a Learning Organization Learning Organization (chapter 19) To have a continuous ability to adapt and change would allow Harley Davidson to keep up with the competition and provide its employees with the knowledge to continue to produce quality products. In the 1990’s, Harley Davidson â€Å"began emphasizing organizational and individual learning at all levels through a program it termed the Leadership Institute† (Buller Schuler 2006). The organization took on a strong belief that anyone could learn more. The traditional top thinks and everyone else acts was merged into thinking and acting in all jobs. Along with all this learning, the firm began to change many core aspects of its operations. New Design Options To help Harley Davidson compete more effectively, top management began to mphasize teamwork at all levels. This would allow for easy information sharing and constant learning throughout the organization. To enhance the effectiveness of teams, Harley Davidson wanted to break down any barriers that would prevent employees from sharing information, developing new ideas, or catching current production problems. To do this, they needed to get away from the traditional roles that employees and managers play. Team Stru cture (chapter 16) Harley Davidson eliminated the positions of senior vice president in marketing and operations. They observed that these jobs did not add any value to the motorcycles. A create demand team, a team that was in charge of producing the products, and a product support team were introduced to help employees. Instead of having to approach one top manager for help and get sent to another department to solve the problem, Harley executives realized these teams would be more efficient. Boundaryless Organization (chapter 16) For all of these new changes to actually work, executives in a sense had to let employees become their own managers. To make the changes the most effective, Harley Davidson eliminated the chain of command, allowed the employees to have limitless spans of control, and replaced departments with empowered teams. Types of Teams Self Managed Work Teams (chapter 10) Harley-Davidson employees were put into work teams and encouraged to participate in the decision making process because they knew better than management what worked and what did not. Because the productivity triad emphasized employee involvement so much, the logical way to form teams would be to allow the members to make most decisions. Types of Training Most of the training that the employees would go through when they sought new knowledge was technical based. They would be taught about any aspect of the firm they felt would benefit production or quality. Technical Training (chapter 18) At Harley-Davidson top management saw that as technology became a larger part of the production process their employees needed to have better training to be able to operate productively. Also, after benchmarking itself against Japanese competitors Harley-Davidson saw that learning about all fields within the organization would benefit everyone. This led to the invention of the â€Å"Leadership Institute†, which encouraged employees to seek out training when they needed it. They wanted to create a program that would allow employees to have the opportunity to do a quality job every time. This included learning more about the theories behind the latest technologies and learning about related fields. Since Harley-Davidson was now using empowered teams to make important decisions throughout the organization, each team member needed to have a good handle on technical aspects involved with their responsibilities. Culture With all of these changes underway, Harley Davidson began to develop its own sense of internal culture that became a system of shared meaning held by the employees. The productivity triad and the Learning Institute both helped pave the way for a unique new culture at Harley Davidson. Organizational Culture (chapter 17) It is not hard to assume that with such drastic changes in an organization’s structure, there could be changes in the culture as well. Since employees were allowed to make a lot more of their own decisions and management was not seen as so much of an authority, gaining knowledge in the organization became more of a choice. An employee must make the decision that he or she wants more training – no one will tap you on the shoulder – but once you are there, we will help you† (Buller Schuler 2006). The executive committee wanted to heavily emphasize that they too had much to learn. This became the norm for employees and managers throughout the f irm. A willingness to learn about all fields within the production of a motorcycle was seen as a very desirable trait within Harley Davidson. This would improve the quality of the product because increased knowledge about different aspects of the motorcycle, which were perhaps previously unknown organization wide, would now be put to use. Core Values (chapter 17) The primary or dominant values that were accepted throughout the Learning Institute included the work itself, the supporting systems, and how the work was done. Employees were encouraged to master all the skills necessary to do a quality job every time. To uphold the idea of constant learning, they were expected to learn more of the theories behind the latest technologies of one’s job. To emphasize the boundaryless aspect, employees were expected to branch out and learn the related fields of work around them. Each employee should also have a high degree of knowledge about how the motorcycle works and how it can be improved. If they have a good handle on how the motorcycle operates and how to fix it, this could drastically improve customer relations. Since employees became empowered to make decisions for the production process, they were also expected to take responsibility for their product. If there was a quality problem in their product, it was up to them to figure out how to solve it. Having an open mind was important too. An employee was expected to always be looking for new things to learn about improving their work. There were no strict guidelines that employees had to stick to when it came to brainstorming ideas. Creativity and experimentation were encouraged. Conflict Functional (chapter 15) Since Harley Davidson’s new culture involved a lot of participation and independent learning, there were a lot of different opinions from different employees. This would be a good amount of conflict that would avoid groupthink and promote creativity. Process (chapter 15) After production quality began to increase, the idea of over seas production had come up. There was a lot of debate about whether or not Harley should produce motorcycles abroad, or just increase domestic production for export. Some of the employees thought that the overseas manufacturing of Harley Davidson motorcycles was inconsistent with â€Å"buying a piece of the American Dream† (Buller Schuler 2006). The international market for Harley Davidson is growing. The firm has subsidiaries across the globe in countries such as: Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The German subsidiary also serves Austria, France, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. Germany, Japan, Canada, and Australia represent the firm’s largest export markets. It is very apparent that Harley Davidson is known worldwide. Europe holds the world’s largest heavyweight motorcycle market and is â€Å"expected to become the next battleground for heavyweight motorcycles† (Buller Schuler 2006). Rewarding Employees To increase motivation and work performance, Harley Davidson really wanted their employees to understand empowerment. They rewarded them with power and of course pay. Participative Management (chapter 7) At Harley-Davidson top management realized that the employee needed to be utilized as a resource for ideas on how production of motorcycles should work. Harley-Davidson also realized that there were un-needed positions at the corporate level of the company â€Å"We eliminated those jobs because they didn’t add value to our products. The people were auditors. They were checkers† (Buller Schuler 2006). This led to the company eliminating the Senior Vice President in Marketing and Operations position among other positions. These positions did not add value to the product. Instead of having these jobs, employees were put into teams and were encouraged to use their own expertise in the decision making process. Harley-Davidson wanted their employees to become more like managers and to not feel the need to ask someone above them on how to do things. This is a key tool for increasing job satisfaction and motivation. Merit Based Pay (chapter 7) Another new program that Harley-Davidson began was a pay for performance pay system. Harley-Davidson wanted their employees to understand empowerment, so they encouraged their employees to learn as much as they could about the company. This would improve quality, which would allow a general wage increase to take place. Task Groups (chapter 9) When Harley-Davidson created these teams it meant that employees had more power in their own decisions. Many of the teams specialized in one aspect of production, so they had very specific tasks. After the teams were created, these teams would make decisions on production instead of higher ups in the company, â€Å"Before Harley established teams, people would go up to one boss and that boss would go over to another boss and he would go to still another boss. And we wondered why the Japanese beat us on the issue of time† (Buller Schuler 2006). Conclusion Harley Davidson’s market share began to dramatically increase in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. The structural and cultural change that Vaughn Beals and Harley executives imagined truly did save the firm. Harley Davidson motorcycles today are seen as very high quality machines. They have become a symbol of status and lifestyle in today’s society. Observing how much customization a consumer can request for his/her bike reflects the creative aspect of the firm’s internal culture. Harley continues to exemplify individuality through its production process and large amount of die hard followers. Contributions to the project: Jared and Scott wrote the paper; everyone did their part for the power point. References: Buller Schuler. (2006). Managing organizations and people. U. S. : Thomson South Western. Judge, J. A. , Robbins, S. P. (2008). Organizational behavior (13th edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. How to cite Harley Davidson – Organizational Behavior, Papers

Mediating Role of Organizational Learning †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning. Answer: Introduction Every organization needs to train their employees and for this conventional kind of training is needed to cover important work based skills, tools and techniques along with right knowledge. For thee training and development, one needs to be more optimistic and improve the approach to traditional training. The concept also works as a guide which is based primarily on what is good for people and mainly what can be profitable for the company. The biggest reason behind it is that training and development believes in activities which can be good for people with improved performance, customer satisfaction, overall quality, effective control and management. Therefore, bringing a profitable change in the organization. (Dhar, 2015). It must be about the complete development of an individual and not only associated with the transferring skills or the traditional level interpretation of training. It is very important to be realistic with right corporate level attitude with expectation about the training. But while starting the program it is important to imagine, perceive and speak about the progressive approach in developing people mind. The increased productivity, less supervision and the job satisfaction are some of the crucial points for the development of the organization which are required for the assessment of both the employers and the employees of the organization. The concept of training and development can be defined as organization development in a planned set up from top down approach where organizations overall efforts to enhance the companys effectiveness. Organization development is accomplished through proper interference in the process of the company by using behavioral pattern. The concept of organization development is expected to transform the belief system, approach, values and overall structure of company so that they can improve with adaption of new technologies, markets as well as challenges. Studies have also focused on that fact that organizational development is not only about anything that can be done to better a company (Goetsch Davis, 2014). It is specifically kind of transform the proc ess designed specifically to bring outcomes as far as organization development consist of reflection, improvement in systems and self-analysis. The on-the-jo training, mentoring, simulation and the web-based learning is important as it focus on the supervisor management, new employee orientation, professional skills training and the customer service training. The talent development is also helpful for the change in organization, employees and the other stakeholders. To make sure that the workforce is well equipped with the right form of skills, knowledge and capacities to work well with the assigned work, training and development plays an important role for the development as well as overall success of the business. While selecting the right kind of training, it is important to make sure that the employees gain the right kind of skills for the organizations and the same requires to be updated constantly to get the best along with new HR based operations (Brewster Hegewisch, 2017). To meet the present as well as future demands in business, training and development process assumes as well as its strategy role is based on number of studies done by many experts, have achieved much significance since this throws light on training and development practices in cross cultural perspective. It is important to understand that there is considerable amount of influence of training on the overall performance of organization. The training and development is a proper education process which involves the sharpening of the skills and the enhancement of the performance. With this, the focus is on how the stakeholders in the training are categories for the focus on the jobs that the individual tends to hold. The development of the activities focusses on the organization employing the individual where the clients of training and development are the business planners. Some of the conflicts are the issues related to career mainly in between the employees and the bosses. Importance of training and development in an OD Training along with development of career is very crucial in any organization that focuses on the concept of progress or development. This happens to include right kind of decision making along with thinking in a creative manner and management of people (Ford, 2014). The concept of training and development is very crucial since it assist in dealing with weakness of employees: - Improving the performance of worker Consistent in performance based duty Making sure that the employee is satisfied Rise in the level of productivity Improved in the quality of services and products Decreased cost Decrease in the need of supervision Approaches to training and development Reactive approach: it is a traditional approach in training that can be called as reaction based, driven by number of activities and delivery of technical set of skills in a traditional way which means in classroom setting and where training is an event focused functions. Proactive approach: in a learning set up of organization, this approach aligns with all kind of learning operations with the corporate strategy of business and it aims on development of abilities (Real et al, 2014). Active learning approach: this approach helps the trainee to play a crucial role in learning as well as exploring challenges and situation based issues under the super vision of the facilitator. The learning happens while asking questions as well as look for outcomes and interpreting many kinds of observation made at the time of process. The approach of active learning has a more lasting influence on the overall learning since it assists in retaining it for long run and finding a much better option in varied challenging examples. In the current time where everything is fast, the importance of learning has increased further to succeed. Organizations also need to make sure that the workforce is learning new skills constantly so that they can stay updated with rise in demand and the organization can also gain high level of competitive edge in the market (David Schoorman et al, 2016). Identification of training and development requirements There is an obvious expectation from the managers that will discuss about the needs associated with training and development with the staff member at least on yearly basis since it is a part of performance review and planning procedure. The needs from training and development for the workforce when appointed newly on the position must be discussed in detail properly within one month of their taking up the work. The training and development unit also must organize a structured training program for the staff on all branches and establish a session to meet the recognized need for the section group of departments or occupation based group. The service related with computing administers the current program for the workforce and other companies as well as departments that provide training for the workforce as and when need arises (Anitha, 2014). External training and development Companies also have the option to sponsor the staff to go out and attend multiple external course every now and then. It completely depends on the ultimate nature of the course as well as the time along with nomination on who will go for the training. There is also representation based on deciding the nomination of the sub-committee of the training and development which is done in accordance with the sections designed. The fees along with travel and accommodation can be applicable that can be met from a centralized budget for training. Any other kind of situational cost are the accountability of the nominating section (Hornstein, 2015). The member of the staff is well supported from the current budget and are also expected to submit a brief kind of report to the management. It is also expected further to pass the knowledge as well as skills that were gained in training to a wider group is done through workshops and seminars. The role of the company in investing in training and development is directly linked with the bottom line within the current business. With rise in high performance company in the present time, the overall recognition is done based on needs to have best kind of training and development programs to increase the competitive edge in the organization. Training and development is very crucial for every kind of organization when the value and overall potential of people that must be harnessed and developed. There are number of studies that have highlighted the clear connection that exist between a well-structured and training and development initiatives and the bottom line that exist within the business (Reynolds, 2017). The overall image of the present industry and people based managers is also impacted by the level and quality of workforce training and development. The prospective employees in such an open labor force will evaluate the record of all the potential managers in this crucial field. Progression in career as well as overall growth is becoming more and more attractive with basic level needs for many members of workforce. In the present business world, where every industry is going through some or the other kind of shortage in staff or basic skills, organization are also facing stiff competition internally as well as externally for high quality workforce. Every manager who can invest seriously in areas of training and development will reap the advantages of a rich working culture with high level of retention in staff as well as rise in level of productivity and impactful performance (Reynolds, 2017). Training and development objectives The kind of training and development objectives recognized will rely on the personal as well as organizational goals identified with the strategic level planning procedure and the agreed level of appraisal cycle. In any kind of event based on goal will as a part of minimum standard considers some factors mentioned below: The values inculcated by organization The strategic goals of the institute Policy of equal opportunity Need for core competencies Continued personal as well as professional growth Need for professional as well as vocational level skills in education further (Reynolds, 2017) Need for professional, workplace updating and vocational training Need to change as per the market demand Conclusion The field of training and development is the field which was based on organizational level function aiming at the betterment of the overall performance of people in organizational setting. It is further combined with the role which is usually called as Human Resource also called as HR. It primarily means development of human resources to stay competitive in the current marketplace. Training also aims on doing operations of the current time to grow employees for the present jobs and growth based on preparation of workforce for the coming future responsibilities (Reynolds, 2017). It also conducts an analysis which covers the goal of training and development for the creative learning company which also make sure that the workforce through proper value addition can effectively work for the jobs and gain competitive edge and look for self-development. The calculative performance is a result of good training and development and can also rise the overall development of organization. It is a lso a process of moving the information as well as knowledge to managers. It helps the management to translate that knowledge or information to real practice with an opinion to increase the overall effectiveness of organization and the overall productivity along with the quality of management of people (Reynolds, 2017). Reference Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management. Brewster, C., Hegewisch, A. (Eds.). (2017).Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. David Schoorman, F., Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. (2016). Empowerment in veterinary clinics: The role of trust in delegation.Journal of Trust Research,6(1), 76-90. Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, 419-430. Ford, J. K. (2014).Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hoobler, J. M., Lemmon, G., Wayne, S. J. (2014). Womens managerial aspirations: An organizational development perspective.Journal of Management,40(3), 703-730. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Real, J. C., Roldn, J. L., Leal, A. (2014). From entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation to business performance: analysing the mediating role of organizational learning and the moderating effects of organizational size.British Journal of Management,25(2), 186-208. Reynolds, M. (2017).Organizing reflection. Routledge.

Scarlet Letter Essays (1059 words) - English-language Films

Scarlet Letter The achievement of simplicity in life never occurs because things are not simple, but manifold, being viewed differently, and speaking more than one purpose. Nathaniel Hawthorne journeys to seventeenth century Boston and introduces Hester Prynne as he makes his awareness of this idea evident. Through The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne presents the complexity of life's components whether they appear as simple as an embroidered letter or as intricate as a life changing circumstance. The focus on sin and the consequences and atonement that follow exemplify Hawthorne's tragic moral vision. A moral vision dealing directly with human nature through Hawthorne's own creation of Hester Prynne provokes this idea, this problematic truth. A woman publicly acknowledged for what her society held as a grave sin stands before them. She begins her journey, a journey that will forever change the views of not only her fellow characters, but also those to whom Hawthorne tries to reach through his writing. In this journey, meet a woman who's weakness became her strength, who was looked upon in ways as changing as the seasons. Hester Prynne and the scarlet letter, standing not only as character and prop, but also as universal defendants of the idea of multiple views, are tools for the exploration of this truth. Through just three different perspectives, Hester and her scarlet letter can sustain the ideology presented by Hawthorne and contribute to its acceptance. They do so as regarded by the townspeople, Hawthorne, and Hester herself. The citizens of Boston deem two manifest opinions of Hester and the letter: that notion from the opening scene, which differs greatly that by mid-novel. As Hester walks out into the marketplace for the satisfaction of the townspeople, they immediately evince their cold and unsparing attitude toward this woman. The letter A was to be worn as a punishment, to be worn in shame, to be worn as "adulteress." The Puritan community was a dark, strict society, feeling indifferent to the humanness of the woman standing before them on the scaffold, with her infant daughter against her chest. The beautifully sewn letter does not glow in the eyes of the people. The letter shapes the way they look at Hester and the way they treat her. They isolate Hester socially and geographically, which ultimately causes her own emotional isolation. However, that attitude does change. The very townspeople who once condemned her now believed her scarlet A to stand for her ability to create her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. They now saw it as a "symbol of her calling. Such helpfulness was found in her- so much power to do and power to sympathize-that many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification," (Hawthorne 156) and now believed it to represent the concept of "able." At this point, many the townspeople realized what a high quality character Hester possessed. They would call to each other, "Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester-the town's Hester..." (157). The changing attitudes in her society did eventually see the brave, strong woman Hester always had been. However, they never would know what it was like to be the person who bore that scarlet letter. Hester knew the A's significance in her own life to be much different from what was viewed by others. Only Hester herself felt the letter on her chest. Only Hester felt the change that came over her in those seven years. Walking out to the scaffold that first day, Hester behaved as the brave, integrity-filled woman that she knew she was all along. She did not attempt to conceal the symbol that she wore, for she knew there was nothing to hide. Although Hester is clearly not a Puritan, she does show respect for the Puritan code. She fully acknowledges her sin and she boldly displays it to the world. This face of the A is a model of"acceptance," a symbol of Hester's respect for herself, and for her life. Hester did not plan to commit the sin of adultery, because it was not a sin of lust in her eyes; it was an act of love. Her salvation lies in the truth, the truth of love and passion. Hester's pride sustains her from the opening scene until she dies, still bearing the scarlet A. Hester's acceptance transformed the scarlet letter to being much more than a symbol, it was a guide, "...her passport into regions where other women dared not tread. Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been

Socrates, the Midwife of Souls essays

Socrates, the Midwife of Souls essays Socrates, the great Greek philosopher, was a man of the people. His father was an artisan, one of the stone masons who squared, fixed and polished the blocks of which the Parthenon was built. Socrates took up the chisel of his father, the stone mason. He felt himself to be a born artisan, but he was more attracted to fashioning a different sort of material, the human soul, with the same certainty, knowledge and workmanly conscientiousness he applied to his stone work. He felt the artisan bound to his trade by strict and delicate rules, was most capable of understanding the human soul. He wanted to invent a technique for producing noble characters. His mother, who was a midwife, provided another foundation for Socrates life vision. He would deliver souls of the truth they bore within themselves. He would become a midwife for souls. Socrates was known for being very strange, almost extravagant in his behavior. However, he was also a man of great common sense and strict logic. Fat, with bulging eyes, snub nose, broad nostrils, and a wide mouth, he was considered the ugliest man in Athens. Since he held the body in such low esteem, he rarely took a bath. But, as his friends knew, he was "all glorious within," "the most upright man of that day". His self-control and powers of endurance were exemplary; "he had so schooled himself to moderation that his scanty means satisfied all his wants." And he came to be considered one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Socrates believed our most important task, in fact, the very meaning of our lives, was the care of ones soul. He believed the soul was our true self, our very essence, and our bodies the mere instrument utilized in dealing with the physical world. Socrates seemed confidant that human beings survive physical death, therefore possessing an immortal soul. Socrates' view of the soul stands in sharp contrast with the Homeric and...

How has Identification Technology evolved in society through Research Paper

How has Identification Technology evolved in society through Biometrics - Research Paper Example Biometrics has had great impacts on science today and a long history over time. It has been greatly embraced by different individuals ranging from company holders to the government. All this is done for security purposes. Banks for instance use biometrics in iris recognition for the security of different account holders (Leeuw 2007). They are able to tell through use of iris recognition how withdrawals were made from ATMs by different customers. Government can use biometrics by carrying out facial scan n different criminals. This will be identified due to the uniqueness that each individual posses. In understanding the history of biometrics different researches have been carried out all over the world. Biometrics dates back in different ages. This scientific analysis was first identified in China when different merchants applied this technology in distinguishing the differences in different children using fingerprints. It is through this practice that biometrics technology has been developed (Lockie 2006). Another evidence of biometrics dates back in the 1980s, when an anthropologist sought to differentiate traits in different criminals. He noticed that there are different traits that do not change regardless of environmental factors, there noting that use of biometrics is important in ensuring that convicts do not escape from jail. Among this unchanging characteristics are the finger prints, the retina and finally the skull. This view by anthropologist was adopted by different professionals all over the world these are the doctors and the police. The biometric study was faced with different challenges due to the fact that there was low technological advancement. Due to this, here instances of errors in the data collected, but today we experience an improvement in this study due to the high technological knowhow all over the world. This is to mean that the chances of

Housing Sector in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Housing Sector in UK - Essay Example The housing location being discussed in this paper is located at Grovewood Hill along the Burnbrae Drive at Edinburgh. The view of the typical houses being discussed here is shown in the figure 1. Theses houses are mostly constructed of burned clay bricks, cement and mortar. This practice of housing was found to exist from atleast 100 years in this region and the sector also boasts of providing huge labour employment in the country. This is a scenario of affluent people who could afford independent dwelling units in the places or locations of their choice. But the huge number of migrant labours and working class who makes their living by working in the city find their shelter along the slums that have come up in the city outskirts. This volume of occupants tends to increase at an astonishing rate as the more of the "development" takes place. The housing sector too shows a skewed growth in the urban centres with the slum dwellers increasing in the city suburbs and the planned housing developments moving to the outskirts. ... The location of the study at Groovewood Hill was chosen based on the easy access and also being the location well known to the student. The primary data collection was based on the interview technique with the help of a prepared questionnaire. Also, the information already available with the student researcher have also been used in the interpretation of the data. Also, the discussions with the housing association members and the estate manager was carried out to explore the various operation constrains and main characteristics of the housing locality. The secondary information was collected from already published materials and other reports. Based of the data collected the analysis is carried out and required information is presented in the subsequent sections. 4. Findings and Discussion 4.1 Nature and type of construction Figure 2 : Perspective of the house The sample house chosen from the locality was constructed with strong reliance on the architectural masonry almost 5 years back. It was the time when sudden development initiatives have begun and the building industry was experiencing boom. This was also the time when new methods and materials were also tried. But the labour force as well as contractors were less reluctant to change and hence the advantage it promised in the initial stages was not attained. The construction process progressed more based on the skill set of the masons rather than the advances proposed by the technocrats .Most of the houses being discussed here are two storied residential unit built in country burned bricks, cement and concrete. The roof is made in reinforced cement concrete. The interiors have been designed incorporating the techniques of passive heating /cooling technologies. Thus optimizing

Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Biology Essay

Embryonic And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Biology Essay INTRODUCTION: Stem cells are cells which are found in almost all multicellular organisms. Stem cells was proposed by a histologist Maksimov. A in 1908. They develop into many different types of cells in the body during their early life and growth and serve as a internal repair system in many tissues. Formation of new cells can be seen when stem cells division starts these new cells can either form a stem cell or other types of cells like muscle cells,brain and red blood cells with specialized functions. Stem cells are the objects in biomedical research and are differentiated from other types of cells by two main characteristics. Firstly, Stem cells are the undifferentiated cell types they possess the capacity of both self renewable during cell division. Secondly, Potency which means they can be differntiated into differnt types of specialized cells with specific function.(Bishop et.al., 2002). Stem cells can be totipotent and pluripotent. In some organs like gut or bone marrow the st em cells divide either to replace or repair the damaged or worn out tissues while in other organ system like pancreas they divide under some specific function Totipotent stem cells can give rise to a functional organism as well as to every cell type of the body. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of giving rise to any tissue type, but not to a functioning organism. Multipotent stem cells are more differentiated and thus can give rise only to a few tissue types. For example, a specific type of multipotent stem cell called a mesenchymal stem cell can produce bone, muscle, cartilage, fat, and other connective tissues. (Pittenger et.al., 1999). They are two types of Stem cells 1) Embryonic stem cells 2) Adult stem cells also known as somatic cell or tissue specific. Embryonic stem cells are derived from the blastocysts and are pluripotent instead of totipotent because they do not have the ability to become part of the extra-embryonic membranes or the placenta while the adult cells are present in adult tissues while the stem cells found in developed tissues are the Adult stem cells and the example for this is the hematopoietic stem cells of blood which cannot give rise to the cells of a different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain (Frankel et.al.,1999). The difference between between embryonic and adult stem cells(somatic) is their origin that is embryonic cells can differntiate into any c ell types but adult stem cells are limited and can differentiate into the cells of their own tissue by this the grown cells wont be rejected by the immune system during treatment and these cells also differ by mutation frequency (James et.al.,2002). The stem cells derived from the human embryo is known as Human embryonic stem cells and these cells are for reproductive purpose. While, in 2006 researchers have observed new type of specialized adult cells this cells are called as Induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs). Parthenogenetic stem cells are also one type of stem cells derived from activated human oocytes USES: Stem cells are useful in treating diseases like diabetis and heart diseases and many works are being done on how to use stem cells for cell based therapies in treating diseases which is also called as regenerative medicine. Stem cells have the ability to replace the damaged cells and can be used in treating heart failures. spinal injuries and parkinsons diseases for example, neural stem cells are able tp regenerate nerve tissue damaged by spinal injury. Stem cells are useful in screening toxins in substances such as pesticides and also used during development of new methods for gene therapy that may help those who are suffering from genetic illiness. They are also used in pharmaceutical industry for testing the new drugs before testing on animal and humans. Induced pluripotent cells are the adult stem cells have been genetically remodelled to an embryonic stem like to express genes and factors which maintains the properties of embryonic stem cells. EMBRYONIC AND INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS: Embryonic stem cells are from the earliest stages of human embryo that develop into eggs by invitro fertilization while other embryos are developed for research and extracted after five days growth. It is known that embryonic stem cells divide indefinitely so only a single embryo can form lines of cells to use for treatment.(Thomson et.al.,1998) These cells are undifferentiated but has a ability to differentiate into any cell, tissue or organ in the body. These stem cells can also become nerve, muscle cells or any other type of human cells. The process involved in formation of ES cells is the ovaries are removed and after 76hours of copulation they are treated with media containing serum overnight.The following day the inner cell mass of embryos are removed and cultured on fibroblast after few weeks colonies grew which showed pluripotent characters referred to as ES cells. Embryonic stem cells are used to treat a host of diseases, such as Parkinsons disease, spinal cord injury, and d iabetes (Martins.,1981). For research, these embryos are destroyed in the process of deriving embryonic stem cells. ES cells have got a great potential for long term therapies but the issue arises regarding safety. Transplanted ES cells have uncontrolled growth and could generate tumours which is seen in laboratory cultures by scientists and there are not sure how they behave inside the body. So, this is to be studied before proceeded in clinical trials while another issue is tissues derived from the ES cells are rejected by patients immune system after transplantation. To overcome this issue tissue rejection currently, drugs can be used which suppresses the immune system but these drugs can be infectious thus drugs without any side effects are being investigated by the researchers or alternatively adult stem cells can be used. The major issue is in process of extracting the embryonic cells the embryos have to be destroyed this is opposed by many people and raises ethical issues. Al ternatives are being investigating by combining the stem cell technology with cloning by a method called (SCNT) somatic cell nuclear transfer.(Stewart et.al.,2007). It is a method which involves insertion of the nuclei of the somatic cell into the oocyte which develops into the embryo. This embryo derives the embryonic stem cell lines which is carried out in several mammalian species but till date No ES cells have been successfully developed by this method and also requires destruction of many embryos compared to other methods. And the other issue by usig this method is therauptic human cloning would lead to reproductive human cloning which leads to maral and social danger. The use of ES cells got many ethical issues as it is derived by destroying the embryos which raises fundamental concers of human life. (Tabar et.al.,2001). Problems associated with stem cell research according to the researchers embryonic stem cells are known for the cell baesd therapies as they are more versatile than adult stem cells but the same properties of these cells make them unusual for therapy as these will migrate all over the body and produce tumours. Growing and maintaining embryonic cell lines prove that they are problematic by performing experiments in mice as some of these get mutated and unusable to the patients. To overcome this problem adult stem cells acan be used to eliminate mutation tissue incompatibility. The pharmaceutical companies could not puruse these therapies due to financial incentives ( Phimister and drazen,2004). Recent advances in stem cells have new applications possible for stem cell based technology. It is now possible to reprogram differentiated human somatic cells into pluripotent cells that are functionally equivalent to embryonic stem cells. In 2006, specialized adult cells are been reprogrammed genetically to assume a stem cell like state called as Induced pluripotent stem cells. (Fenno.et.al., 2008). The use of ES cells as an alternative to oocytes which can be reprogrammed as an Human somatic cells. This can be done by fusion of human embryonic stem cells with fibroblasts which results hybrid cells.(Cowan et.al.,2005). These cells exhibits morphology and growth proper of embryonic stem cells and also express their genes. Transplantation of induced pluripotent cells into mice resulted in tumour containing variety of tissues on injection into the blastocyst showed mouse embryonic development This shows that Induced Pluripotent stem cells can be produced from fibroblast on addition wi th defined factors like oct3/4,Sox2 and klf4(Takahashi and Yamanaka.,2006). Researchers have demonstrated a novel technique for production of IPS cells by transforming Adult Skin cells which is considered as a fast reliable and safe method, viruses were used to insert the specific genes into the adult cell would result in increased potential for adverse outcomes and also increases the chance of genetic defects thus it would affect the patient treating with stem cell therapy.(Soldner et.al.,2009) Thus, alternatively transgenes or reprogramming proteins can used for insertion to overcome the risk and after induction using protein factors or virus free factors that can be removed to induce pluripotency which develops into IPS cells that does not have any risk.(Kaji et.al.,2009) As, IPS cells also raises ethical problems related to germline alterations. However using virus free factors can overcome the problem of germline alteration. In 2010, researchers have used Induced pluripotent stem cells to treat rodents suffering with parkinsons disease and this research was successfull this is done by transplanting the induced pluripotent cell neuron into the rodents mid brain injury which is similar to Parkinsons disease in humans by this the cells became functional and showed improvement. Thus induced pluripotent cells may be useful for future disease models and cell-based therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells offer immense potential for regenerative medicine and studies of development and diseases. Thus analysis of genomic transcriptional activity, gene activation, allele specific gene expression and DNA methylation shows that the somatic cell was reprogrammed to an embryonic state which provides a system for investigating the mechanisms. To Induce pluripotent somatic properties which are similar to ES cells properties is done by introducing active genes or derivatives of RNA or protein products into the somatic cell but this process of acquiring pluripotency is not genetically but involves Epigenomic Reprogramming. There are differences between ES and IPSC cells regarding chromatin structure and gene expressionby showing few similarities while the other reports show that there is epigenetic differences and alteration. Reprogramming of a somatic cell into pluripotent state requires complete change of Somatic cell to an ES cell like state but this is not repo rted yet. On performing genomic profiling of the DNA methylomes of both ES and Induced pluripotent cells similarities are seen but every single line shows different reprogramming variability compared to both ES cells and other Induced pluripotent stem cells. Patterns of DNA methylation are seen as epigenetic change at the tips and centromeres of the chromososmes and show differences in CG methylation and histone modifications. Thus, Induced pluripotent cells may not be suitable substitute for embryonic cells. (Lister et.al., 2011). CONCLUSION: Human embryonic stem (ES) cell research has been the best way for the cell-based therapies for a number of diseases but the issue raises with destroying the embryos to produce these cells. The use of IPS cells has less ethically problematic than the use of Embryonic cells as production Of IPS cells does not require destroying the embryos. But the use of induced pluripotent cells raises ethical concerns to somatic cell reprogramming as there is a difference seen between the ES and Ips cells and the debate over stem cell therapy is increasingly becoming irrelevant but ethical issues regarding the Embryonic stem cells would not entirely go away.So, the study of all the types of stem cells should be done as it is not known which is useful for the cell replacement therapticus.

Talkin the Talk: An Examination of Black English in the American Education System :: Free Essays Online

Talkin the Talk: An Examination of Black English in the American Education System How many people here believe that schools should require the use of standard English at all times? That schools should respect all languages? How many people believe that Ebonics is a legitimate language that should not be compared to standard English? Most of you are probably wondering why I am interested in Ebonics. Obviously I’m not black. But, that does not mean that I can’t take an interest in the success of my friends and classmates. I attended Amherst Regional High School in Amherst, Massachusetts. My town is supposedly a liberal, open-minded place. But I always wondered why there were very few black students in my advanced-level classes and how come some of the black friends I had in the beginning of the year were no longer around at the end. I talked to one of my friends about this once. She told me that many black students in our school had moved from a nearby city and that they were not used to the academic standards of the school. Many of them became discouraged due to the lack of support of the teachers and some students even dropped out. This is a problem. In my opinion, many teachers do not respect students’ cultures if they are not a part of the mainstream, white culture. Although language is on ly one part of this respect, it is a large part of every student’s culture. Even though there has been a movement to improve inner-city schools and increase the success of black students, these programs would benefit any school around the country. Although the debate over the legitimacy of Ebonics as a language had been burning out, the Oakland school board decision in 1996 re-sparked this debate. Every marking period, in the Oakland school district, many African-American students brought home report cards singed with bad grades. In a school district where 53% of the student population is African-American, what concerned the school board was that these black students accounted for 71 percent of "special needs" students and received an average GPA of 1.8, compared to the average of 2.4 for all other students (Perry xi). It was time to correct that problem. The school board of Oakland, California organized a task force to do just this. The Ebonics Resolution, as the plan was called, recognized Ebonics as a legitimate language that deserved respect within the classroom.

Interventions: Special Education Essay

Monitoring development through observations, making assessments and targeting interventions can help lessen the likelihood of delays for children who are already at risk and can also prevent children who are not at risk from becoming at risk. Early intervention services include a variety of different resources and programmes that provide support to enhance a child’s development. These services are specifically tailored to meet a child’s individual needs. Services include: ? Assistive technology (devices a child might need) ? Audiology or hearing services ? Counselling and training for a family  ? Educational programmes ? Medical services ? Nursing services ? Nutrition services ? Occupational therapy ? Physical therapy ? Psychological services ? Respite services ? Speech/language Identify and meet any additional educational needs The Education Acts and the SEN Code of Practice provide frameworks for settings to identify and meet any additional educational needs. The Education Act 1996 states that a child or young person has special educational needs if â€Å"he or she has a learning difficulty which calls for special educational provision to be made for him or her†. Children with special educational needs all have learning difficulties and/or disabilities that make it harder for them to learn than most other children of the same age. These children may need extra or different help from that given to other children of the same age. The extra or different help could be a different way of teaching certain things, some help from an extra adult, or the use of a particular piece of equipment like a computer or a desk with a sloping top. Children may require extra or different help because they suffer from one or more difficulties such as: ? Physical or sensory difficulties ? Emotional and behavioural problems ? Problems with thinking and understanding ? Difficulties with speech and language ? How they relate to and behave with other people These problems could mean that a child has difficulties with all of their school work or problems could arise in particular areas of their work such as: ? Understanding information ? Reading, writing and number work ? Expressing themselves or understanding what others are saying ? Behaving properly in school ? Organising themselves? Forming relationships with other children or with adults The law says that children do not have learning difficulties just because their first language is not English, but of course some of these children may have learning difficulties in addition. To help make an early identification of those children who may have special educational needs, schools must regularly measure children’s performance and progress. These assessments can be made by referring to: ? Ongoing observation and assessment monitored by the teacher ? Standardised screening or assessment tools ? The outcomes from baseline assessment results ? The objectives specified in the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategy Frameworks ? The level descriptions within the National Curriculum at the end of a key stage The aim of any intervention is to provide as much help as is required, but not to intervene more than is necessary. The three levels of support that are set out in the Code of Practice are: 1. School Action (or Early Years Action for younger children) 2. School Action Plus (or Early Years Action Plus for younger children) 3. Provision outlined in a statement of SEN School action Once practitioners have identified that a child has special educational needs, the setting should intervene through School Action (or Early Years Action for younger children). At this level of support the class teacher, the school’s special educational needs coordinating officer (SENCO), a Home Learning College. Learning Support Assistant (LSA) or another member of the school’s staff gives the child extra help. The child has an Individual Education Plan (IEP) which gives details of the targets the pupils must work towards and the action/support that is required to help them to achieve those targets. IEPs will usually be linked to the main areas of literacy, mathematics, behaviour and social skills. The parents must be consulted and involved so that they too can help their child at home, in line with what the school is doing. The aim of School Action is to make it possible for the child to progress to the point where they no longer need extra help. School action plus If the intervention made as a result of School Action is not helping the child to meet his/her targets, the SENCO may need to seek advice and support from external sources, such as teaching support services and other agencies. An Educational Psychologist might be consulted to plan what forms of intervention might best help the pupil achieve the targets set out in his/her Individual Education Plan (IEP). This kind of intervention is referred to as School Action Plus (or Early Years Action Plus for younger children). The aim of School Action Plus support is to enable a child to progress so that they move from School Action Plus to School Action, or no longer need any extra help at all. Individual Education Children who are recognised as having SEN are entitled to an Individual Education Plan (IEP) as part of the School Action or School Action Plus process. An IEP should record what is different from, or additional to, those arrangements that are in place for the rest of the group or class. An IEP is written by the class teacher to help the parents and the school identify the child’s needs and to target areas of particular difficulty. Typically they focus on three or four targets that match the child’s needs. This document records the strategies that are to be employed to enable the child to progress. It should also show the steps that are to be taken to support the child’s learning and set a date for reviewing their progress. It will normally include information about: ? Learning targets for the child to reach in a given time ? Who will support the child and how that support will be organised ? What materials and methods should be used It may not always be possible to set measurable targets for every area of the curriculum, nevertheless, where targets are used, they can help individual pupils to focus energy and resources on raising standards in critical areas of the child’s school life. A statutory assessment In a great many cases, the individual needs of a child with SEN can be met via access to specialist approaches and equipment or to alternative or adapted activities that are available through School Action or School Action Plus. But there are a few exceptional circumstances, where children require more support than these two processes can provide. If the child does not make the expected advancement despite these measures, the school can ask the local education authority (LEA) to carry out a Statutory Assessment of special educational needs. The Statutory Assessment is a formal process where the LEA seeks advice from a number of different sources, for example: ? Educational advice ? Parental advice ? Medical advice ? Psychological advice ? Social services advice ? Any other advice which is considered desirable  At the end of the process the LEA will decide whether or not to issue the child with a statement of special educational needs. This statement describes all the child’s needs and special help requirements. There are many different types of professionals who can offer support to children who are not following the expected pattern of development, the support is usually coordinated by the schools, SENCO (Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator). If a child starts school with a disability the SENCO will have been informed by the child’s parents prior to the child starting. The child may already be receiving support from a number of professionals. For example a child with a physical disability may well be receiving treatment from a physiotherapist, with exercises given to strengthen their gross motor skills. The physiotherapist will co-ordinate with the SENCO as to the needs of the child and advise the school on what sort of support is needed in school to encourage development. Whist at school if a teacher becomes concerned about the development pattern of a child, they would inform the SENCO who is responsible for the identification of special needs. The SENCO would in turn speak to the child’s parents about their child’s development, and depending on the area of development concerned, suggest an assessment by an outside professional. The professional would in turn give the SENCO advice as to how the child should be supported in school in order to encourage development, this may involve the school providing support or it may involve the professional giving direct support. It is important that any needs are identified so that the correct support/intervention is given in order to prevent the development delay getting worse and spreading to other areas of the child’s development. Some of the interventions used are explained below. What is early intervention? Early intervention is a system of services that helps babies and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities. Early intervention focuses on helping eligible babies and toddlers learn the basic and brand-new skills that typically develop during the first three years of life, such as: ? physical (reaching, rolling, crawling, and walking); ?cognitive (thinking, learning, solving problems); ?communication (talking, listening, understanding); ?social/emotional (playing, feeling secure and happy); and ? self-help (eating, dressing). Examples of early intervention services | If an infant or toddler has a disability or a developmental delay in one or more of these developmental areas, that child will likely be eligible for early intervention services. Those services will be tailored to meet the child’s individual needs and may include: ? Assistive technology (devices a child might need) ?Audiology or hearing services ?Speech and language services ?Counseling and training for a family ?Medical services ?Nursing services ?Nutrition services ?Occupational therapy ?Physical therapy? Psychological services Services may also be provided to address the needs and priorities of the child’s family. Family-directed services are meant to help family members understand the special needs of their child and how to enhance his or her development. Who’s eligible for early intervention? Early intervention is intended for infants and toddlers who have a developmental delay or disability. Eligibility is determined by evaluating the child (with parents’ consent) to see if the little one does, in fact, have a delay in development or a disability. Eligible children can receive  early intervention services from birth through the third birthday (and sometimes beyond). For some children, from birth | Sometimes it is known from the moment a child is born that early intervention services will be essential in helping the child grow and develop. Often this is so for children who are diagnosed at birth with a specific condition or who experience significant prematurity, very low birth weight, illness, or surgery soon after being born. Even before heading home from the hospital, this child’s parents may be given a referral to their local early intervention office. For others, because of delays in development | Some children have a relatively routine entry into the world, but may develop more slowly than others, experience set backs, or develop in ways that seem very different from other children. For these children, a visit with a developmental pediatrician and a thorough evaluation may lead to an early intervention referral. Parents don’t have to wait for a referral to early intervention, however. If you’re concerned about your child’s development, you may contact your local program directly and ask to have your child evaluated. That evaluation is provided free of charge. If you’re not sure how to locate the early intervention program in your community—keep reading. We give that information a bit further down the page. However a child comes to be referred, evaluated, and determined eligible, early intervention services provide vital support so that children with developmental needs can thrive and grow. The Early Intervention Grant (EIG) replaced a number of centrally directed grants to support services for children, young people and families.

Drugs in Our Society - 1376 Words

The consumption of drug has been done in all societies for ages, but with the pass of the time it has changed the characteristics of the consumption. This situation is because the influence of social factors. Now days, our society is infest with this issue â€Å"DRUGS†. The use of most of the drugs are illegal, however it had become normal to use it. It is frequently see that its consumption can be from a regular kid to a high executive person. As an example we can go to the street and find a lot of homeless people asking you money for food, when actually they are asking money for alcohol or even drugs other example is the recently elected governor of New York David Paterson said that he used cocaine in his 20s. Also we can see than some†¦show more content†¦MARIJUANA: in some states this drug is legal, only for medical use. This is the 2nd most popular drug with the youth. Made up of you seeds, flowers, stems and leaves made from the Cannabis plant. AMPHETAMINE: A type of drug which increases energy but decreases you appetite. Treats narcolepsy and some forms of depression. HEROIN: A highly addictive drug. It is white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound that is derived from morphine. ECSTASY: Each tablet has a different effect. Usually Ecstasy is taken morally but, it can be snorted or injected. TOBACCO: Tobacco is dried leaves from the Tobacco plant. Normally it will be used in the cigarette form. It can also be used in cigars, pipes, chewed or sniffed. (30% of our population smoke or use some sort of drug by the age of 16 or older.) COCAINE: White powder which can be smoked, sniffed, eaten, or injected. The person who is using Cocaine feels a powerful urge that makes them feel over confident or even invincible. MAGIC MUSHROOMS: The magic mushrooms come in many different forms. It is made out to psilocin and psilocybin. You take this drug by eating it. The amount you take will vary on the effect. LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYL AMIDE: LSD is one of the biggest mood changing drugs. It is found from a fungus that is grown on rye and other grains. TREATMENT The treatment for this disease is very important, because if there is not treatment drugs can cause the death. In orderShow MoreRelated Drugs in Our Society Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesDrugs in Our Society With the use of drugs being such a controversial issue in today’s society we felt as a group it was important to further explore this issue. As we possess a high interest in how drugs affect a number of social groups. These groups of course range from young teens to high-class older individuals who will have different reasons and different acceptable standards of behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The question that is being explored in our presentation asks what drugs are doing toRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs On Our Society1875 Words   |  8 PagesFor hundreds of years people have been using drugs for therapies, medicine, or recreational use. The influence that drugs have on us has been impacting our society greatly in the past few years. Drugs can be found almost anywhere, especially where most teens are, like in high school or at parties. Help for adolescent drug addicts are scarce in the United States. Music industries, social media, and peer pressure have caused a drug addiction epidemic, which can only be solved by education, intensiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Our Society1004 Words   |  5 PagesWhere has our world come to! Everyday looking on the television there is always something going on in our country. It is not for the better, but always the negative aspect in our world. There has not once been an extraordinary events in our world, but ,major impacts in our society, and fears that emerge because of the effects. Drugs has been one of the issues that has caused fear in our world. Watching television shows provokes drugs, shows development of drugs, and the experiment of drugs. ThinkingRead MoreIllegal Drugs Are Bad for Our Society3229 Words   |  13 PagesIllegal Drugs are bad for our Society Allyce Beechy ENG/102 November 26, 2009 Kimberlyn Slagle Illegal drugs should not be allowed in America and we must strive together as a people to do whatever it takes to get them abolished (rid of). 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The pharmaceutical industryRead MorePostmans Analysis of Brave New World766 Words   |  4 PagesNeil Postman, Huxleys vision of the future, portrayed in the novel Brave New World, holds far more relevance to present day society than that of Orwells classic 1984.nbsp; Huxleys vision was simple:nbsp; it was a vision of a trivial society, drowned in a sea of pleasure and ignorant of knowledge and pain, slightly resembling the world of today.nbsp; In society today, knowledge is no longer appreciated as it has been in past cultures, in turn causing a deficiency in intelligence and will